Bijwoorden & Bijvoeglijk Naamwoordencollege St. Paul



Comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs. English grammar exercises. Intermediate grammar exercises. More than, the most, not as as, etc. Adverbs Adverbs deal with: A predicate: Hij loopt hard.(He walks fast).Wanneer gaat hij weg? (When does he leave?) An adjective: Dat is een erg mooie kanarie (that is a very nice canary). Deze site heb ik opgezet om mijn Spaanse lessen online te kunnen bekijken. Natuurlijk ben je welkom op mijn site. Moest je zien dat er iets niet correct is of kan je een aanvulling maken; deze mag je altijd doorgeven. Alvast bedankt, Stephan.

Voorbeelden Van Bijwoorden

< Dutch

^ Les 1 ^

Appendix 3 - Voornaamwoorden ~ pronouns[edit]

Like English, Dutch has pronouns. These can mark number, case, gender,politeness and emphasis. Torch setup download freeclubsoftsoftram.

Pronouns can function either as substantives (nouns) or as adjectives. There is also a number of related adverbs that will be treated here. Adverbs are typically not considered pronouns in grammatical analysis, but they deserve mention when discussing the Dutch language because pronouns are often replaced by pronominal adverbs.

Voorbeelden van bijwoorden

Persoonlijke voornaamwoorden ~ Personal pronouns[edit]

In this table personal pronouns are given in nominative, accusative and dative case. These cases signify the role the pronouns have in the sentence. For example: In 'I am hitting you', 'I' is nominative (subject) and 'you' is accusative (object). Also words with a preposition are in accusative case ('you' in 'I am looking at you'). Dative case is special and tells us something is indirect object, as 'me' in 'He gave me that' or 'He built me a snowman' or, with a preposition, 'He gave it to me'.


numberpersonnom.acc./dat.
DutchEnglishDutchEnglish
singular1stikImij/meme
2ndfam.jij/jeyoujou/jeyou
politeuyouuyou
Southgijyouuyou
3rdmhijhehemhim
fzij/zeshehaarher
nhetithetit
plural1stwij/weweonsus
2ndfam.jullieyoujullieyou
politeuyouuyou
Southgijyouuyou
3rdzij/zetheyhen/hun*
ze
them

Remarks:

  • Sometimes there are two forms (jij/je etc.), which can be interchanged most of the time. (See 5)
  • Officially the plural 3rd person accusative form is hen. Hun is (officially) only used as a dative without preposition: 'We hebben het hun verteld' ('We told them about it'). After a preposition hen should be used. This refers almost entirely to the written standard language and was artificially constructed by the grammarians of the past. In the spoken language hen is seldom heard. Even hun is increasingly replaced by ze as people tire of being told their use of hun is wrong by the schoolmasters. In the inanimate case the use of preposition+pronoun is rare, replacement by a pronominal adverb being preferred (See 8).
  • For inanimate objects personal and possessive pronouns are often replaced by demonstrative pronouns.
  • In the South -mostly Flanders- the gij-form is in regular use for the second person. It has its own verb endings. It adds a -t both in the present and the past: komen - gij komt - gij kwaamt. In the North its use is limited to Biblical quotes like: gij zult niet stelen - thou shalt not steal. Notice that u is used as object, without implying politeness.

Bijwoorden Engels

Bezittelijke voornaamwoorden ~ Possessive pronouns[edit]

Pssessive pronouns are essentially the adjectival forms of the personal pronouns.

numberpersonDutchEnglish
singular1stmijnmy
2ndfam.jouw/jeyour
politeuwyour
3rdmzijn*3his
fhaar*3her
n(zijn)*3its
plural1stonze/onsour
2ndfam.jullieyour
politeuwyour
3rdhuntheir

Remarks:

  1. The difference between jouw and je is matter of emphasis or the lack thereof: 'Dat is jouw huis.' vs. 'Dat is je huis.'
  2. Ons has an inflected form onze as most adjectives do (See Dutch/Lesson 2). Other possessives are seldom inflected in the modern language: Mijne Heren!: Gentlemen!, Hare Hoogheid: Her Highness. More regularly inflected forms are used when the pronoun is used as an independent noun: Met welke auto gaan we? De mijne of de jouwe?. Jullie is never inflected, instead die van jullie is used.
  3. The neuter possessive pronoun zijn is very rare as Dutch usually opts for a construction involving a pronominal adverb like ervan. (see 8). The masculine and feminine forms are increasingly reserved for natural gender (persons, as in English) in other cases pronominal replacement is more and more the norm.

Personal Adverb - er[edit]

Dutch has a somewhat curious personal locative adverb er that replaces het and ze particularly in inanimate cases (i.e. for things more so than for persons). It occurs as the locative part of many pronominal adverbs, such as :erin, erdoor, ervan etc. but it can also be used independently:

er is koffie - there is coffee.
er zijn mensen die dat lusten - there are people that like that

Unit v : superconductors and nanomaterialsapplied physics equation. Notice that er is not considered the subject of these sentences (koffie and mensen are the subject resp.)

Aanwijzende voornaamwoorden -- Demonstrative pronouns[edit]

locationneuter sg.all otherEnglish
closeditdezethis, these
fardatdiethat,those
Bijwoorden & bijvoeglijk naamwoordencollege st. paul
  1. Notice that the distinction dit-deze does not correspond to the distinction this-these. Deze is used in the plural but it also used in the singular for m/f words. (It replaces de.)

Demonstrative pronouns are typically used as adjectives:

Dit huis
Deze auto

they can also be used independently:

dit is een huis
Zijn auto? Die heb ik gezien

They are more and more used to replace inanimate personal pronouns.

Aanwijzende bijwoorden - demonstrative adverbs[edit]

temporal

Nederlandse Bijwoorden Oefeningen

Dutch has three demonstrative adverbs of time:

  1. past: toen -then
    hij heeft toen een huis gekocht - he bought a house then
  2. present: nu - now
    nu woont hij er - now he lives there
  3. future/conditional: dan - then
    hij het dan verkopen - then he'll sell it
modal

One modal demonstrative adverb is common:

zo - so

Occasionally a more proximate one zus is used for contrast

Dat doe je zus en zo - You do that this way and that.
Voorbeelden van bijwoorden
locative

Two locative adverbs are in common use:

  1. close by: hier - here
  2. far off: daar - there

Both of them are used as the locative part of demonstrative pronominal adverbs like: hierdoor, daarvan etc.

A third adverb is less common:

  1. remote: ginds, ginder, daarginds -yonder

Betrekkelijke voornaamwoorden -- Relative pronouns[edit]

Zelfstandig- substantive[edit]

antecedentneuter sg.all otherEnglish
afterdatdiethat/who
includedwatwiethe one that/who
whoever/that which

Without antecedent:

Dit is het huis dat ik koop -this is the house that I buy
Dit is de auto die ik koop - this is the car that I buy
Dit is de vrouw die ik lief heb - the is the woman whom I love

With inclusion of antecedent.

Wie mij steunt zal ik belonen - whoever supports me I shall reward
Ik verkocht wat ik eerder gekocht had - I sold that which I had bought earlier.

There are a number of archaic forms that can be used with prepositions:

neuter:hetwelk, hetgeen, hetgene, datgene : that which
other: dewelke
persons degene die: he who, diegenen die: those who

As in English the genitives wiens and wier (whose) can be used in relative clauses referring to persons:

ik ontmoette de man wiens vrouw voor ons werkt - I met the man whose wife works for us.
Paul
casemasc sg.fem sg./plurEnglish
genitivewienswierwhose

Hasp driver windows xp. In inanimate cases the relative pronominal adverb waarvan is virtually mandatory.

Bijvoeglijk - adjective[edit]

Alle Bijwoorden

neuter sg.all otherEnglish
welkwelkewhich
ik weet welk boek hij gebruikt - I know which book he uses
ik weet niet in welke steden trams rijden - I do not know in which cities streetcars are operated

Bijwoordelijk - adverbial[edit]

locative

waar - where

Waar can be used to initiate a dependent clause:
dit is de stad waar ik geboren ben - this is the town where I was born

Waar is also used to form the relative pronominal adverbs like waarvan, waarvoor etc. that frequently replace relative pronouns.

Wat Zijn Bijwoorden

Vragende voornaamwoorden - Interrogative pronouns[edit]

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If you're trying to learn Flemish Adverbs you will find some useful resources including a course about Adverbs of time place manner and frequency.. to help you with your Flemish grammar. Try to concentrate on the lesson and notice the pattern that occurs each time the word changes its place. Also don't forget to check the rest of our other lessons listed on Learn Flemish. Enjoy the rest of the lesson!

Flemish Adverbs

Learning the Flemish Adverbs is very important because its structure is used in every day conversation. The more you master it the more you get closer to mastering the Flemish language. But first we need to know what the role of Adverbs is in the structure of the grammar in Flemish.

Flemish adverbs are part of speech. Generally they're words that modify any part of language other than a noun. Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives (including numbers), clauses, sentences and other adverbs. Here are some examples:

English AdverbsFlemish Adverbs
adverbsbijwoorden
I read a book sometimesIk lees soms een boek
I will never smokeIk zal nooit roken
are you alone?Ben je alleen?/Zijt ge alleen? [latter in spoken language]
Bijwoorden engels

Notice the structure of the Adverbs in Flemish.

List of Adverbs in Flemish

Below is a list of the Adverbs of time place manner and frequency in Flemish placed in a table. Memorizing this table will help you add very useful and important words to your Flemish vocabulary.

English AdverbsFlemish Adverbs
adverbs of timebijwoorden van tijd
yesterdaygisteren
todayvandaag
tomorrowmorgen
nownu
thendan
laterlater
tonightvanavond/deze avond
right nownu
last nightgisteren avond
this morningvanmorgen/deze morgen
next weekvolgende week
alreadyal
recentlyrecent
latelyde laatste tijd
soonstraks/binnenkort [former is a much shorter period of time]
immediatelyonmiddellijk
stillnog
yetal/nog niet [former for questions, latter for negatives]
agogeleden
adverbs of placebijwoorden van plaats
herehier
theredaar
over theredaar
everywhereoveral
anywhereergens
nowherenergens
homethuis
awayweg
outuit
adverbs of mannerbijwoorden van gradatie
veryheel
quitenogal/vrij
prettynogal/vrij
reallyecht
fastsnel
wellgoed
hardmoeilijk
quicklysnel
slowlylangzaam/traag
carefullyvoorzichtig
hardlynauwelijks/bijna niet
barelynauwelijks/bijna niet
mostlymeestal
almostbijna
absolutelyabsoluut/zeker
togethersamen
alonealleen
adverbs of frequencybijwoorden van frequentie
alwaysaltijd
frequentlyregelmatig/vaak/dikwijls
usuallynormaal [gezien]
sometimessoms
occasionallysoms
seldomzelden
rarelyzelden
nevernooit

Adverbs of time place manner and frequency have a very important role in Flemish. Once you're done with Flemish Adverbs, you might want to check the rest of our Flemish lessons here: Learn Flemish. Don't forget to bookmark this page.

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